Subjective Questions

Short Answer Type Questions
1. Mention any two major uses of Internet.[CBSE 2003]
Ans. The two major uses of Internet are as follows
(i) For the students and educational purposes, Internet is widely used to gather information so as to do the research.
(ii) We can send/receive the mail all over the world.

2. How do Internet help us?
Ans. Internet can be useful for us in following ways
(i) Allows organisations to advertise their products.
(ii) Provides information.
(iii) Easily communicate with other people.
(iv) Save paper as we can publish documents on the Internet.

3. Write three disadvantages of using Internet.
Ans. The three disadvantages of using Internet are as follows
(i) Cyber frauds
(ii) Information misuse
(iii) Computer virus circulation

4. What is MODEM? [CBSE 2006]
Ans. MODEM stands for MOdulator/DEModulator. It is a hardware device that enables a computer to send and receive information over telephone lines by converting the digital data used by your computer into an analog signal used on telephone lines and then converting back
once received on the other end.

5. Define home page. Give two advantages of home page.
Ans. A home page is the first page of a website.
Two advantages of home page are as follows
(i) It helps viewers to find out what they can find on that site.
(ii) Publicity of an individual or a community

6. Many organisations use both Internet and Intranet. Give some differences between Internet and Intranet.
Ans. Differences between Internet and Intranet are as follows
(i) Internet is a Wide Area Network (WAN), while
Intranet is a Local Area Network (LAN).
(ii) Greater amount of information is available on Internet, while on Intranet specific amount of information is available.
(iii) Internet is not safe as Intranet can be safely privatised as per the need.

7. Write a short note on IP address and give its characteristics.
Ans. Internet internally follows number based addressing system. Numeric address of a computer is called IP address by a scheme called Domain Name System (DNS). The IP address consists of four numbers from 0 to 255, separated by dots.
The characteristics of an IP address are as follows
(i) IP addresses are unique.
(ii) IP addresses are global and standardised.

8. How do you differentiate between a web address and an E-mail address? [CBSE 2018]
Ans. The basic differences between a web address and an E-mail address are as follows
(i) E-mail address is a network address whereas web address is the Internet address.
(ii) An E-mail address always contains the ‘at the rate’ sign (@) whereas, a web address never does.
9. Discuss the role of web servers and web clients briefly. [CBSE 2019]
Ans. Web server is a computer program that serves requested HTML pages or files from the web client. Every web server that is connected to the Internet is associated with a unique address, i.e. IP address.
Web client is a computing term which describes special program designed as a user interface, through which messages are sent to a web server.

10. What is the significance of HTTP?
Ans. HTTP is a protocol used on Internet. It works in combination with WWW. It allows us to access hypertext documents on WWW. Since, WWW allows us to access or use multimedia files on the Internet and the hypertext files support multimedia.

11. What is digital subscriber line?
Ans. Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) is a popular broadband connection which provides Internet access by transmitting digital data over the wires of a local telephone network. It uses the existing copper telephone lines for Internet access. A special modem is necessary in
order to be able to use a DSL service over a standard phone line

12. What are the types of URL?
Ans. URLs vary depending on the location of the document to
which user will link. Basically, URLs fall into two categories

(i) Absolute URL It specifies the exact location of a file/directory on the Internet. Absolute URL identifies that each URL is unique, which means that if two URLs are identical then they point to the same file.
(ii) Relative URL It points to a file/directory in relation to the present file/directory. It locates a resource using an absolute URL as a starting point. It typically consists of the path and optionally, the resource but
no scheme or no server.
13. Write the web extensions (top level domain names) given to a websites of the following types of organisations.
(i) educational
(ii) government
(iii) network organisation
(iv) commercial
Ans. (i) .edu (ii) .gov
(iii) .net (iv) .com
14. Distinguish between FTP and Telnet.
Ans. The differences between FTP and Telent are as follows
FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol.
Telenet stands for Telecommunication Network.
FTP is used for downloading the files.
Telnet is also used for chat operation.
It establishes two connections, one is for control command and
another is for data transfer. It uses only one connection.

15. Mr. Lal owns a factory which manufactures automobile spare parts. Tell him about the web page and also suggest the advantages of having a web page for this factory.
Ans. The backbone of the World Wide Web is made up of files
or documents called web pages, that contains information and links to resources both text and multimedia.
The web page provides the information to the clients about his factory of spare parts. Moreover, he can receive the order on the Internet from the clients using the web page.

16. What is WWW? [CBSE 2018]
Ans. WWW (World Wide Web) is a system of Internet servers that supports hypertext and multimedia to access several Internet protocols on a single interface.

17. What do you understand by remote login?
Ans. Remote login is a process in which user can login into remote site i.e. computer and use services that are available on the remote computer. With the help of remote login a user is able to understand result of transferring, result of processing from the remote computer to the local computer.

18. What is the full form of URL ? Or What is URL ? [CBSE 2019]
Ans. URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator, which is simply an address of a document on the web, more accurately, on the Internet. It specifies the Internet address of a file stored on a host computer connected to the Internet.

19. Write a short note on HTML.
Ans. HTML is a markup language used for designing web pages. A markup language is a set of markup (angular bracket, < >) tags, which tell the web browser, how to display a web page’s words and images for the user.

20. Can we use URL to access a web page? How ?
Ans. Yes, we can use URL to access a web page, as a location on a web server, which is called a website and each website has a unique address known as URL.
21. Sarvesh, a student of Class X, is not able to understand the difference between web client and web server. Help him in understanding the same by explaining their role and giving suitable
example of each. [Specimen Paper 2020]
Ans. Differences between web client and web server are as follows
Web client It is an application that
communicates with a web
server, using HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
web server: It is a piece of software designed to serve web pages/websites/web services. e.g. web browser. e.g. IIS, Apache and many more.

22. Define Internet and write its two uses in our daily life. How is it different from the World Wide Web (WWW). [Specimen Paper 2020]
Ans. Internet is a world wide system of computer networks,
i.e. network of networks. Through Internet, computers become able to exchange information with each other and find diverse perspective on issues from a global audience.
Two uses of Internet are as follows
(i) E-commerce (auction, buying and selling products).
(ii) Social networking sites (facebook, twitter, etc).
Difference between www and Internet is WWW It is just a common point of connectivity for information sharing that is facilitated by a global network of computers.

Internet It is a connection between computers and
countless other devices that form a huge network of
systems.

Long Answer Type Questions
23. Why is Internet called ‘Network of Networks’?
Ans. Internet is called ‘Network of Networks’ because it is global network of computers that are linked together by cables and telephone lines making communication possible among them. It can be defined as a global network over a million of smaller heterogeneous computer networks. The network which consists of thousands of networks spanning the entire globe is known as Internet.
The Internet is a world wide collection of networked computers, which are able to exchange information with each other very quickly.
Mostly people use the Internet in two ways, E-mail and World Wide Web. In Internet, most computers are not connected directly, they are connected to smaller
networks, which in turn are connected through gateways to the Internet backbone. A gateway is a device that connects dissimilar networks. A backbone is central
interconnecting structure that connects one or more networks.
24. What is DNS and also explain its functions? [CBSE 2013]
Ans. DNS stands for Domain Name System. It is a hierarchical distributed naming system for computers, services or any resources connected to the Internet or a private network. It associates various information with domain names
assigned to each of the participating entities. The different functions of DNS are as follows 
(i) It translates meaningful domain names into the numerical IP addresses, which is needed for the purpose of locating computer services and devices world wide. 
(ii) It serves as the phone book for the Internet by translating human friendly computer host names into IP addresses.
(iii) The DNS can be quickly updated, allowing a service’s location on the network to change without affecting the end users.
(iv) It distributes the responsibility of assigning domain names and mapping those names to IP addresses by designating authoritative names servers for each
domain. 
(v) It also specifies the technical functionality of database service. It defines the DNS protocol, a detailed specification of the data structure and data
communication exchanges used in DNS, as part of the Internet Protocol Suite (IPS).

25. How did the Internet begin? 
Ans. In 1969, the University of California at Los Angeles and the University of Utah were connected with the beginning of the ARPANET (Advanced Research
Projects Agency NETwork) using 56 kbit/s circuits, which is sponsored by U.S. (United States) Department of Defense (DoD). The goal of this project was to
connect computers at different Universities and U.S. defense.
In mid 80’s another federal agency, the National Science Foundation (NSF) created a new high capacity network called NSFnet (National Science Foundation network),
which was more capable than ARPANET. The only drawback of NSFnet was that it allowed only academic research on its network and not any kind of private
business on it. Now, several private organisations and people started
working to build their own networks, named private networks, which were later (in 1990’s) connected with ARPANET and NSFnet to form the Internet. The
Internet really became popular in 1990’s after the development of World Wide Web (WWW).

26. Explain some popular graphical web browsers.
Ans. Some popular graphical web browsers are as follows 
(i) Netscape It was introduced in 1994. Netscape comprises the major portion of the browser’s market.
(ii) Internet Explorer (IE) It is a product of Microsoft. This is the most commonly used browser in the world. This was introduced in 1995 alongwith
Windows 95 launch and it has passed Netscape popularity in 1998.
(iii) Firefox It is a new browser derived from Mozilla. It was initially released in 2002 and has grown to be the second most popular browser on the Internet.
(iv) Safari It is a web browser developed by Apple Incorporation and included in Mac OS X. It was first released as a public beta in January 2003. Safari
provides good support for latest technologies like XHTML, CSS2 etc.
(v) Google Chrome This web browser was developed by Google. Its beta and commercial version was released in September 2008 for Microsoft Windows.
(vi) Opera It was initially released in 1995. It is smaller and faster than most other browsers, yet it is fully featured. It is the most popular mobile web browser.
27. Which protocol is the communication protocol for the Internet? Also, explain this protocol. 
Ans. TCP/IP is the communication protocol for the Internet. It defines the rules, computers must follow to communicate with each other over the Internet. The
TCP/IP is a protocol used with E-mail transmission.
Infact, it is a set of protocol, i.e. TCP and IP.
TCP is a protocol, which is responsible for finding path for
the destination. It also splits the message into several
datagrams, if it does not fit in one datagram. Therefore, these datagrams are sent through different alternate paths towards the destination. The TCP makes sure that the datagram arrives at the destination correctly.
IP (Internet Protocol) used by the Internet for transferring messages from one machine to another. The messages are sent in the form of packets. IP defines the
packet structures that encapsulate the data to be delivered. It also defines addressing methods that are used to label the datagram with source and destination format.

28. Write a detailed note on working of Internet.
Ans. The computers on the Internet are connected to each other through small networks. These networks are connected through the gateways to the Internet backbone. All computers on the Internet, communicate with one
another using TCP/IP, which is a basic protocol of the Internet.
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) manages the transmission of data/file/document on the Internet by breaking the data/file/document into small pieces or parts called packets or datagrams.
Each packet contains actual data and address part, i.e. addresses of destination and source upto 1500 characters. Functioning of TCP and IP are as follows
TCP It breaks message into smaller packets that are transmitted over the Internet and also reassembles these smaller packets into the original message that are
received from the Internet. IP It handles the address part of each packet, so that the
data is sent to the correct address. Each gateway on the network check this address to see where to forward the message.
29. Based on the paragraph, answer the questions that follow.
WWW was introduced on 13th March, 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee. It is a system of Internet servers that supports hypertext and multimedia to access several Internet protocols on a single interface. It is often abbreviated as the web or WWW or W3. It is a way of exchanging information between computers on the Internet, trying to tie them together into a vast collection of interactive multimedia resources. It is only a portion of what makes up the Internet, but it is the fastest growing
part of the Internet.
The web lets people, organisations and companies publish information for other people to see. This makes the web a very useful tool for finding information about any topic. 
(i) What is WWW?
(ii) What can a user do with WWW?
(iii) Define the attributes that are provided by WWW.

Ans. (i) WWW (World Wide Web) is a system of Internet servers that supports hypertext and multimedia to access several, internet protocols on a single
interface.
(ii) Using WWW, a user can download files, listen to music, view video files and jump to other documents or websites by using hypertext links.
(iii) WWW provides various attributes, which are as follows
(a) User-friendly The WWW resource works smoothly with most web browsers, such as Internet Explorer, Firefox etc.
(b) Multimedia documents WWW allows users to create and display web pages that contains various graphics, audio, video, animation and text.
(c) Interactive WWW provides interactivity using hyperlinks and input boxes (i.e. textboxes and checkboxes).

30. Read the following paragraph. Find six network and communication related abbreviations and give their expanded form alongwith a single-line
definition of each of them. The RBI is planning to expand its connectivity
with all major banks of India. The plan includes providing TCP connectivity through HTTP for easy access points and seeks help from some ISPs to join hands in this venture.

Also, there is a plan to set-up IIS and SMTP servers. Some banks will go for ADSL line while others will use leased line connectivity to access these services.
The RBI is also taking help of IIT professors in this venture. [CBSE 2011]
Ans. Six network and communication related abbreviations are as follows
(i) TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) A protocol developed for the Internet to get information from one network device to another.
(ii) HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) A protocol that transmits hypertext over networks. This is the protocol of the web.
(iii) ISP (Internet Service Provider) An organisation that provides access to the Internet through various connectivity methods.
(iv) IIS (Internet Information Server) It is a Microsoft proprietary web server software.
(v) SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) It distributes E-mail messages and attached files to one or more electronic mail boxes.
(vi) ADSL (Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line) A data communication technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a
conventional voice band modem can provide